What is the difference and connection between graphite and graphene?
What is graphene?
The common graphite is formed by stacking layer by layer of planar carbon atoms arranged in a honeycomb shape. The interlayer force of graphite is weak and it is easy to peel off each other to form thin graphite sheets. When the graphite sheet is exfoliated into a single layer, the single layer of only one carbon atom thick is graphene. Graphene appeared in the laboratory in 2004, when two British scientists, Andre Jem and Ke Stya Novoselov found that they could get thinner and thinner graphite flakes in a very simple way. They peeled the graphite flakes from the graphite, and then glued the two sides of the flakes to a special tape. When the tape was torn off, the graphite flakes were divided in two. Keep doing this, so the sheets get thinner and thinner, and in the end, they get a sheet made of just one layer of carbon atoms, which is graphene. Graphene has proven to be the thinnest and hardest substance the world has ever discovered. Another characteristic of graphene is that its conductive electrons can not only move freely in the lattice, but also extremely fast, far exceeding the moving speed of electrons in metal conductors or semiconductors. Also, its thermal conductivity exceeds that of all known substances.
What is the distinction between graphite and graphene?
Different nature
1. Graphene: a two-dimensional carbon nanomaterial with a hexagonal honeycomb lattice composed of carbon atoms with sp² hybrid orbitals.
2. Graphite: It is an allotrope of carbon.
Different uses
1. Graphene: With excellent optical, electrical and mechanical properties, it has important application prospects in materials science, micro-nano processing, energy, biomedicine and drug delivery, and is considered to be a revolutionary material in the future.
2. Graphite: It can be used as anti-wear agent and lubricant. High-purity graphite is used as neutron moderator in atomic reactors. It can also be used to manufacture crucibles, electrodes, brushes, dry batteries, graphite fibers, heat exchangers, and coolers. , electric arc furnace, arc lamp, pencil refill, etc.
What is the connection between graphene and graphite ？
The chemical properties of graphene are similar to graphite, and graphene can adsorb and desorb various atoms and molecules. When these atoms or molecules act as donors or acceptors, the graphene carrier concentration can be changed, while graphene itself can maintain good electrical conductivity.
But when other substances are adsorbed, such as H+ and OH-, some derivatives are produced that make graphene less conductive, but no new compounds are produced. Therefore, the properties of graphene can be inferred using graphite.
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