Graphite Electrodes and Their Uses in Steelmaking
Graphite is one of the most useful materials in the world. It’s found in both metamorphic and igneous rock, as well as meteorites (click here to see that article). But perhaps the most important use of graphite is in electrode production. Electrodes are a fundamental piece of equipment for electric arc furnace steelmaking and other types of smelting.
Essentially, they are large cylindrical structures that conduct electrical current into the furnace and turn it into heat to melt scrap metal. Graphite is chosen because it has high thermal and electrical conductivity, which is a result of its unique atomic structure. Graphite atoms bond only three out of four potential sites, allowing the fourth to remain free to move around and carry electrons. This property allows the electrodes to conduct electricity and heat at a high level, which makes them very efficient.
The EAF steelmaking process requires a high-quality, stable electrode to withstand the massive external force created by the arc between the electrode and the melted scrap metal. A graphite electrode can be damaged in a number of ways, such as:
To avoid these problems, we recommend following the instructions provided by the manufacturer of the electrodes you buy. The manufacturer’s recommendations should cover everything from proper storing and handling to proper connection of the electrodes. It’s also important to follow the industry standard for the size and dimensions of graphite electrodes in order to ensure that they fit properly in your arc furnace.
