Graphite Anode and Cathode for Dual-Ion Batteries (DIBs)

Graphite anode and cathode have great potential for dual-ion batteries (DIBs). They can deliver high working voltage and fast charging. However, there are several challenges in making them perform optimally. They require adequate electrolyte, functional surface groups, and mechanical stability. These challenges are summarized and strategies for overcoming them are presented. In addition, perspectives for next-generation DIBs with high energy density are discussed.

The first step in developing a stable and high-performing DIB requires a high-quality electrolyte. In addition, it is essential to ensure the compatibility of the electrolyte with the cathode. This can be achieved by selecting a suitable graphite anode material and a conductive binder to provide a stable electrode. This approach has proven effective in achieving a 100 mAh g1 current density.

The second stage of the reaction involves the intercalation of anion into graphite. During this process, the graphite anode is prone to undesirable exfoliation. In order to address this problem, an artificial SEI layer was developed on the graphite electrode. This artificial SEI layer protects the structure of the graphite anode and prevents the formation of anions on its surface. The thickness of the SEI layer is dependent on the amount of electrolyte. The higher the ratio of LiF in the SEI layer, the more suppressed the decomposition of the electrolyte.

Another challenge is the low packing density of carbon materials. This can restrict the volumetric energy density of the DIB. In addition, low density graphite anodes can be detrimental to the rate performance.

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