Graphene: A Revolutionary Material of the Future About graphene
Graphene is an SP² two-dimensional carbon nanomaterial made up of carbon atoms in a hexagonal honeycomb latticework with hybrid orbitals. It is a two-dimensional material with only one carbon atom thickness and excellent optical, electrical, and mechanical properties. It has important application prospects in materials science, micro/nano processing, energy, biomedical, and drug delivery and is considered a revolutionary material in the future.
What are graphene classifications?
Graphene
A two-dimensional carbon material containing a layer of carbon atoms loaded occasionally and closely in a benzene ring structure (i.e., a hexagonal honeycomb structure).
Bilayer graphene
Bilayer or double-layer graphene: a two-dimensional carbon material consisting of two layers of carbon atoms in a benzene ring structure (i.e., hexagonal honeycomb structure) stacked periodically in close proximity to each other in different stacking methods (including AB stacking, AA stacking, etc.)
Few layer graphene
Few-layer graphene: A two-dimensional carbon material consisting of 3-10 layers of carbon atoms periodically stacked in a tightly packed benzene ring structure (i.e., hexagonal honeycomb structure) in various stacks (including ABC stacks, ABA stacks, etc.).
Multilayer graphene
Multi-layer graphene is also known as multi-layer graphene: a two-dimensional carbon material with a thickness of 10 layers or more and a benzene ring structure (i.e., hexagonal honeycomb structure) of 10nm or less, in which carbon atoms are periodically stacked closely in different stacking methods (including ABC stacking, ABA stacking, etc.)
What are the applications of graphene?
With the gradual development of batch manufacturing and large size issues, the pace of industrial application of graphene is accelerating. Based on the available research study results, the initial areas for business application will probably be mobile phones, aerospace, and new energy batteries.
Fundamental research
Graphene is of special interest to fundamental research in physics, as it allows quantum effects that have previously only been theoretically demonstrated to be experimentally verified. In two dimensions, the mass of the electron appears to be non-existent, a property that makes graphene a rare condensed issue that can be used to examine relativistic quantum mechanics- because massless particles must move at the speed of light and thus must be described by relativistic quantum mechanics. Research direction: some experiments that would otherwise be carried out in giant particle accelerators can be carried out in small laboratories using graphene.
Sensors
Infrared beam excitation plasma graphene sensor schematic Infrared beam excitation plasma graphene sensor diagram. Graphene can be made into a chemosensor, a process that is mainly accomplished through the surface adsorption properties of graphene. According to some scholars, the sensitivity of graphene chemodetectors can be compared to the limits of single molecule detection. The single two-dimensional structure of graphene makes it very conscious of its environments. Graphene is a suitable material for electrochemical biosensors, and sensors made of graphene have an excellent level of sensitivity for the medical discovery of dopamine, glucose, and so on.
Transistors
Graphene can be used to make transistors, which, because of the high stability of the graphene structure, are still stable at scales close to that of a single atom. In contrast, current transistors made of silicon lose their stability at a scale of around 10 nanometres; the ultra-fast response of electrons to external fields in graphene, in turn, allows transistors made from it to reach extremely high operating frequencies. IBM, for example, announced in February 2010 that it had increased the operating frequency of graphene transistors to 100 GHz, exceeding that of silicon transistors on the same scale.
Top 10 uses graphene:
1. Develop the future generation of supercomputers. Graphene is one of the most conductive products recognized to day, a residential property that is specifically suited to high-frequency circuits. Graphene could be used as an option for silicon to generate future supercomputers that run faster and eat less power.
2. The cable that makes the "space elevator." Many scientists have created a special material that could be utilized to make space cables that they imagine will certainly be connected to the ground.
3. Graphene can be used as fluid crystal display material. This "transparent" conductor that could be used to change fluid crystal screens in the future generation of displays for computers, TVs, and cellphones.
4. Make a brand-new generation of solar cells. Graphene transparent conductive movie is the optimal material for a new generation of solar cells with extremely high conversion efficiency as a result of its high transparency for all infrared rays consisting of medium and far-infrared rays.
5. Make photon sensors. Last October, a team of IBM researchers initially showed their graphene photodetector.
6. Make medical disinfectant and food packaging. Chinese researchers have actually found that microbial cells can not expand on graphene, while human cells are not damaged. This residential property of graphene can be used to make plasters, food packaging, antibacterial garments, bedding, and a lot more.
7. Produce "brand-new super-strong products." Graphene and plastic compound, with toughness, ultra-thin, ultra-soft, and ultra-light residential properties, is the future generation of brand-new plastics.
8. Graphene is appropriates for making transparent touch displays and clear panels.
9. Produce transistor incorporated circuits. Graphene can replace silicon as the base product for the future generation of ultra-high frequency transistors and is commonly used in high-performance integrated circuits and new nanoelectronic devices.
10. Make ultra-light aircraft products as slim as paper, and the manufacture of ultra-tough body armor for military use.
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